Barger-Kamate B
Deloria Knoll M
Kagucia EW
Prosperi C
Baggett HC
Brooks WA
Feikin DR
Hammitt LL
Howie SR
Levine OS
Madhi SA
Scott JA
Thea DM
Amornintapichet T
Anderson TP
Awori JO
Baillie VL
Chipeta J
DeLuca AN
Driscoll AJ
Goswami D
Higdon MM
Hossain L
Karron RA
Maloney S
Moore DP
Morpeth SC
Mwananyanda L
Ofordile O
Olutunde E
Park DE
Sow SO
Tapia MD
Murdoch DR
O'Brien KL
Kotloff KL
Pneumonia Etiology Research for Child Health Study Group
Clin Infect Dis. 2016;63S187-S196
BACKGROUND: Few data exist describing pertussis epidemiology among infants and children in low- and middle-income countries to guide preventive strategies. METHODS: Children 1-59 months of age hospitalized with World Health Organization-defined severe or very severe pneumonia in 7 African and Asian countries and similarly aged community controls were enrolled in the Pneumonia Etiology Research for Child Health study. They underwent a standardized clinical evaluation and provided nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs and induced sputum (cases only) for Bordetella pertussis polymerase chain reaction. Risk factors and pertussis-associated clinical findings were identified. RESULTS: Bordetella pertussis was detected in 53 of 4200 (1.3%) cases and 11 of 5196 (0.2%) controls. In the age stratum 1-5 months, 40 (2.3% of 1721) cases were positive, all from African sites, as were 8 (0.5% of 1617) controls. Pertussis-positive African cases 1-5 months old, compared to controls, were more often human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) uninfected-exposed (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.2), unvaccinated (aOR, 3.7), underweight (aOR, 6.3), and too young to be immunized (aOR, 16.1) (all P /=14 days (aOR, 6.3), to have leukocyte counts >20 000 cells/microL (aOR, 4.6), and to have lymphocyte counts >10 000 cells/microL (aOR, 7.2) (all P
